HIST-1

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GLOBAL NATION BUILDING

FROM	TO	AREA	DESCRIPTION
1025	1001	India	GAJNI ATTACKED INDIA -Mahmud Ghazni made the very firstattack on India in 1001. He attacked India 17 times in 25 years. He made his last attack on the Somnath temple in 1025 to plunder the gold
1530	1526	India-Moghul	Battle of Panipat-1-The First Battle of Panipat was fought between the invading forces of Babur and the Lodi Empire, which took place on 21 April 1526 in North India. It marked the beginning of the Mughal Empire. This was one of the earliest battles involving gunpowderfirearms and field artillery.
1530	1526	India-Moghul	Babur-Bābur founded the Mughal dynasty in the 16th century after conquering northern India from his base in Kabul. The empire was consolidated two generations later by his grandson Akbar and lasted until the mid-18th century, when its possessions were reduced to small holdings.
1530	1526	India-Moghul	Babur was a ruler of Ferghana before he was thrown out by his relatives. After several desperate attempts, he finally reached India. Here, he defeated Ibrahim Lodhi, the ruler of the Delhi Sultanate in 1526 and established his empire in its place.
1530	1529	India-Moghul	Babur-Battle of Ghaghra faced an alliance of Afghan chieftains in the eastern part of the subcontinent.Babur's forces, again employing advanced tactics and artillery, defeated the Afghan coalition.The victory at Ghaghra extended Mughal influence in northern India and further stabilized Babur's rule.
1556	1530	India-Moghul	Humayun-was the second Mughal emperor, who ruled over territory in what is now Eastern Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Northern India, and Pakistan from 1530 to 1540 and again from 1555 to his death 155
1560	1556	India-Moghul	Akbar ascended the Mughal throne-Akbar the Great was the third Mughal ruler who ruled India from 1556 to 1605. The name Akbar literally means ''the great''. He was the Mughal emperor who was known for his tolerance, achievements, and socio-political reforms. He conquered the Northern region of India first.
1560	1556	India-Moghul	Battle of Panipat-2-(1556), fought between Hemchandra Vikramaditya (Sur Empire) and the Mughals under Akbar
1570	1560	India-Moghul	Akbar-Birbal was appointed by Akbar as a poet and singer in around 1560. He was one of the navaratnas (nine jewels of Akbar). He is mostly known in the Indian subcontinent for the folk tales which focus on his wit. In the local folk tales he is presented as a very clever person.
1570	1562	India-Moghul	Tansen, a Vaishnava musician, joined Akbar’s court in 1562 when he was almost 60 years old, and his performances became the topic of several court historians
1580	1572	India-Moghul	Akbar annexed Gujrat
1610	1601	India-Moghul	Buland Darwaza built-Buland Darwaza, or the "Door of Victory", was built in 1575 by Mughal emperor Akbar to commemorate his victory over Gujarat. It is the main entrance to the Jama Masjid at Fatehpur Sikri, which is 43 km from Agra, India. Buland Darwaza is the highest gateway in the world and is an example of Mughal architecture
1627	1605	India-Moghul	Jahangir-Jahangir was famous for his "Chain of Justice". In contemporary paintings it has been shown as a golden chain with golden bells. In his memoir Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri he has written that he ordered the creation of this chain for his oppressed subjects to appeal to the emperor if they were denied justice at any level.
1610	1607	America	In 1607, colonists established the first permanent English settlement at Jamestown, Virginia. By 1640, England had multiple colonies in New England, Maryland, and Virginia. Seventeenth-century colonists continued vernacular European building traditions, though they adapted them to harsher American climate. While thatched roofs and half-timbering were soon abandoned, New England house builders retained English medieval techniques such as an overhanging second story.
1610	1607	American-Info	Jamestown, Virginia, founded by English settlers, who begin growing tobacco.
1620	1614	America	Spain established Santa Fe as the capital of New Mexico in about 1609. In 1610, colonists began constructing the Palace of the Governors. Regarded as the first European-American government building in the New World, the Palace of the Governors faced an open plaza near the center of the city grid. Colonists employed a blend of Spanish and Native American building techniques. While local adobe was the principal construction material, the building’s wood colonnades and door frames followed Spanish traditions.
1707	1618	India-Moghul	Aurangzeb-Aurangzeb was arguably the most powerful and wealthiest ruler of his day. His nearly 50-year reign (1658–1707) had a profound influence on the political landscape of early modern India, and his legacy—real and imagined—continues to loom large in India and Pakistan today.
1620	1619	America-African	After the first captives were forced on to Virginia’s shores by a Dutchman in 1619, the majority of the country remained white and relied mainly on the labor of Native American slaves and white European indentured servants. It was not until the end of the 17th century that the transatlantic slave trade made its impact on the American colonies.
1620	1619	America-African	It was the beginning of African slavery in the continental British colonies that became the United States. The events of 1619 are well documented and the British became the major importers of African slaves to North America, so it has come to mark the start of the slave trade in what was to be the United States.Aug 28, 2019
1620	1620	American-Info	Plymouth Colony, near Cape Cod, is founded by the Pilgrim Fathers, whose example is followed by other English Puritans in New England.
1630	1620	America-African	African Americans are the descendants of Africans who were forced into slavery after they were captured during African wars or raids. They were captured and brought to America as part of the Atlantic slave trade.
1658	1628	India-Moghul	Shah Jahan-He is considered to be one of the greatest Mughals and his reign has been called the Golden Age of Mughals. Shah Jahan erected many splendid monuments, the most famous of which is the Taj Mahal at Agra .
1640	1632	India-Moghul	The Taj Mahal, an immense mausoleum of white marble, built in Agra between 1631 and 1648 by order of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, is the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage.
1712	1643	India-Moghul	Bahadur Shah- II usually referred to by his poetic title Bahadur Shah Zafar was the twentieth and last Mughal emperor and an Urdu poet.
1707	1653	India-Moghul	Azam Shah-Mirza Qutb-ud-Din Mohammad Azam, commonly known as Azam Shah, was briefly the seventh Mughal emperor from 14 March to 20 June 1707. He was the third son of the sixth Mughal emperor Aurangzeb and his chief consort Dilras Banu Begum
1670	1661	America-African	The first anti-miscegenation statute – prohibiting marriage between races – was written into law in Maryland in 1661, shortly after enslaved people were brought to the colonies. By the 1960s, 21 states, most of them in the south, still had those laws in place. Alabama was the last state to repeal the ban on interracial marriage, in 2000.
1719	1685	India-Moghul	Farrukhsiyar-Farrukhsiyar, also spelled as Farrukh Siyar, was the tenth Mughal emperor from 1713 to 1719. He rose to the throne after deposing his uncle Jahandar Shah. He was an emperor only in name, with all effective power in the hands of the courtier Sayyid brothers
1710	1700	America	A wealthy upper class intent on emulating the latest English fashions arose in America during the eighteenth century. Inigo Jones brought the architecture of the Italian Renaissance, which was inspired by the classicism of Ancient Rome, to England during the seventeenth century. These ideals eventually spread to America by way of an assortment of pattern books, including Palladio’s "The Four Books of Architecture" (1663) and James Gibbs’s "A Book of Architecture, containing designs of buildings and ornaments" (1728).
1710	1700	American-Info	Hundreds of thousands of Africans brought over and sold into slavery to work on cotton and tobacco plantations.
1713	1712	India-Moghul	Jahandar Shah-Mirza Mu'izz-ud-Din Beg Muhammad Khan, better known by his title Jahandar Shah, was briefly the ninth Mughal emperor from 1712 to 1713. He was the son of emperor Bahadur Shah I, and the grandson of emperor Aurangzeb.
1748	1719	India-Moghul	Muhammad Shah-Mirza Nasir-ud-Din Muḥammad Shah was the thirteenth Mughal emperor from 1719 to 1748. He was son of Khujista Akhtar, the fourth son of Bahadur Shah I. After being chosen by the Sayyid Brothers of Barha, he ascended the throne at the young age of 16, under their strict supervision
1719	1719	India-Moghul	Shah Jahan II
1754	1748	India-Moghul	Ahmad Shah Bahadur
1759	1754	India-Moghul	Alamgir II-Ālamgīr II (born June 6, 1699, Multan [India]—died Nov. 29, 1759, Delhi) was a Mughal emperor of India who disgraced his reign (1754–59) by his weakness and his disregard for his subjects' welfare
1759	1754	India-Moghul	Aziz Ud-Din Muhammad
1760	1759	India-Moghul	Shah Jahan III
1806	1760	India-Moghul	Shah Alam II
1770	1761	India-Moghul	Battle of Panipat-3-fought between the Maratha Empire and the Durrani Empire under the Afghan king Ahmad Shah Abdali
1770	1763	American-Info	Britain gains control of territory up to the Mississippi river following victory over France in Seven Years' War.
1770	1770	America	American freedom struggle on the ground .How the Americans got independence from the British ..13 states or colonies
1780	1774	American-Info	Colonists form First Continental Congress as Britain closes down Boston harbour and deploys troops in Massachusetts.
1780	1775	America	First Postmaster General Appointed-On July 26, 1775, the Second Continental Congress appointed Benjamin Franklin Postmaster General, a position he held until November 7, 1776. Franklin established a communications system that was the predecessor of the present-day U.S. Postal Service. Early post offices were predominantly housed in rented space.
1780	1775	America	On April 19, 1775, shots rang out at Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts, marking the beginning of the American Revolution. The following year on June 7, 1776, Richard Henry Lee presented a resolution to the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia: "That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States, that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved." Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence during the next three weeks while Congress recessed. After reconvening and making minor changes to the document, Congress officially adopted the Declaration on Independence on July 4, 1776.
1780	1775	American-Info	American Revolution: George Washington leads Continental Army to fight against British rule.
1780	1776	America	AMERICA GETS-FREEDOM-FROM BRITISH
1780	1776	America	America became free from the British and fist democratic Nation in the world
1780	1776	America	Colonial America & Revolution (1565-1783)-The American Revolution was an ideological and political revolution based on the principles of the American Enlightenment that occurred in British America between 1765 and 1783
1780	1776	America-African	Slavery flourished initially in the tobacco fields of Virginia, Maryland and North Carolina. In the tobacco-producing areas of those states, slaves constituted more than 50% of the population by 1776. Slavery then spread to the rice plantations further south. In South Carolina, African Americans remained a majority into the 20th century, according to census data.
1780	1776	America-African	The Declaration of Independence, which embraced in its first lines “that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights”, did not extend that right to slaves, Africans or African Americans, with the final version scrapping a reference to the denunciation of slavery. Thomas Jefferson, a slaveowner himself, penned those lines rejecting slavery; he removed the reference after receiving criticism from a number of delegates who enslaved black people. This could represent “the fabric of the American political economy” ever since, some historians have said.
1780	1776	American-Info	4 July Declaration of Independence endorsed by Congress; colonies declare independence.
1790	1781	America	British Surrender at Yorktown After more than six years of fighting, the troops of Generals George Washington and Jean-Baptiste Rochambeau surrounded the British army at Yorktown. Following a siege that lasted less than three weeks, British General Charles Cornwallis surrendered to Washington, effectively ending the Revolutionary War on October 19, 1781. The war was not officially over, however, until the Treaty of Paris was signed two years later on September 3, 1783 and Britain formally recognized the United States.
1790	1781	America	Nation building america - Pledge of Alligience
1790	1781	American-Info	Rebel states form loose confederation after defeating the British at the Battle of Yorktown.
1790	1783	American-Info	Britain accepts loss of colonies by virtue of Treaty of Paris.
1790	1785	America	The New Nation is Built (1783-1860)-USA
1790	1787	American-Info	Founding Fathers draw up new constitution for United States of America. Constitution comes into effect in 1788.
1790	1788	India-Moghul	Shah Jahan IV
1790	1789	America	George Washington
1790	1789	American-Info	George Washington elected first president of USA.
1800	1791	American-Info	Bill of Rights guarantees individual freedom.
1800	1792	India-British-Raj	The EIC defeats the Marathas and Tippu Sultan of Mysore.
1800	1797	America	John Adams
1810	1803	American-Info	France sells Louisiana territories to USA.
1810	1806	India-British-Raj	10 July: Mutiny at Vellore
1837	1806	India-Moghul	Akbar Shah II
1810	1808	American-Info	Atlantic slave trade abolished.
1810	1809	America	James Madison
1810	1809	America	Thomas Jefferson
1810	1810	America	James Madison
1810	1810	America	Slavery for Plantation from Africa
1820	1811	America	James Madison
1812	1812	American-Info	5 War of 1812 between the US and Britain, partly over the effects of British restrictions on US trade during the Napoleonic Wars.
1820	1812	American-Info	19th century Residual resistance by indigenous people crushed as immigration from Europe assumes mass proportions, with settlers moving westwards and claiming "manifest destiny" to control North America; number of states in the union rises from 17 to 45.
1813	1824	America	James Madison
1830	1829	America-President	Andrew Jackson
1830	1830	America	How America became 50 states
1830	1830	America-President	Andrew Jackson
1837	1831	America-President	Andrew Jackson
1857	1837	India-Moghul	Bahadur Shah II Zafar
1840	1838	America-President	Martin Van Buren
1844	1850	America-President	John Tyler
1850	1850	America-President	Zachary Taylor
1860		America-President	Millard Fillmore
1860	1853	America-President	Franklin Pierce
1860	1854	America-President	Franklin Pierce
1860	1854	American-Info	Opponents of slavery, or abolitionists, set up Republican Party.
1855	1860	America	Franklin Pierce

1857	1857	India	Revolt of 1857: Sepoy Mutiny began in Meerut, spread to Delhi, Agra, Kanpur and Lucknow